Causes
The exact causes for uterine anomalies are not known, but
it's generally thought that a combination of genetic and environmental
causes are responsible. For example, a particular
uterine anomaly characterized by
a T-shaped uterus has been found in women whose mothers took the drug
diethylstilbestrol (DES) during their pregnancy. Because few women with
an
irregularly shaped uterus also
have close relatives with the same problem, the condition is not thought
to run in families.
Incidence
An incidence of uterine
anomalies as low as 0.1% has been reported. Observations made at the
time of delivery indicate an incidence of 2 to 3%. The most common
uterine anomalies are the septate and
bicornuate and didelphic uteruses. The unicornuate uterus is the least common type.
Symptoms
In many cases a uterine anomaly
causes no problems and in fact may remain undetected until menstruation
begins or pregnancy is attempted. If a uterine anomaly such as bicornuate uterus
results in a rudimentary uterine
horn with no outlet, menstrual outflow will be obstructed. This can
result in pain and/or a mass similar to endometriosis that gets worse
during periods. If
untreated, blood collects in the
uterus and may become infected. - Infertility
- Ectopic pregnancy
- Recurrent miscarriage
- Premature delivery
- Intrauterine fetal growth restriction
- Abnormal fetal presentation – breech and transverse lies
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